SFC64
As i was looking for the best PRNG ;) i found SFC64, its fast, seems to pass all tests, and it was fun to find a way to compute the seed from a few output values.
But the more one looks the more one finds, there are many other great PRNGs. I would stay away from hyped up generators, like the mersene twister was in the distant past.
Now about SFC64, heres a simple implementation. It can also compute values backward.
And for fun, heres an implementation that will turn 10+ values back into the 3 seeds and counter used to create them.
The way this works is that first we guess the 16-19 MSB of the a or b register. Next we assume that the corresponding MSB of the counter are 0. Because its 64bits, thats reasonable and pretty difficult to be otherwise. From this and a = b ^ (b >> 11) and tmp = a +b + counter++; we can estimate teh MSBs of the future and past a and b registers (they slowly become less exact due to the counter but thats insignificant over the distance we need them)
For the 8 rotation states we then invert b = c + (c << 3); for the MSBs we have (which has 9 solutions and iterating over them gives us 3 extra bits knowledge of c). The 8 rotation states are iterated over in 2 forward steps of 3 followed by a backward step of 5. This way we minimize the distance we move away from the start point which limits effects of the unknown LSBs and also limits the needed amount of data. In addition the 3,3,-5 pattern splits the previously determined part of the c register so that the lower part of the MSB becomes shifted into the MSB. This allows us to check the lower part of our data from the c register together with the MSB of the b register at that point and the known output data. This is crucial to limit the otherwise exponential increase of computations with each part of c that is iterated over. Towards the end of the c register, we then compute the a,b and counter from it and the known output and if it matches, backstep to counter =1 to output the seed at the start. It would also be possible to use a heuristic in guessing the initial a/b values, so as to not search the 17-19 bit space but it seems the bad ones get rejected naturally quickly so this lead to little gain and its already quite fast.
I do realize after writing above that this description is probably hard to understand. I should expand this and draw diagramms, but ATM i have no time so please read the source :)
Example: of finding the seeds after 1000 rounds
./sfc64 0x123456785 0x978653 0xCCAADDEE0F 1000 30 16 0x8A9912C022EA7402 0x26971AE36A1CEACA 0x97B4CF575274B9F4 0xC9212C12EEE58E49 0x9B45979745BB2E20 0x857B5EEB83507D6D 0x243E719FF5356874 0xE6EB4E22DDDEDCA6 0xAF0DC4AF0234A763 0x9946B8BD21C71BE9 0x14D42990A607161B 0x66A19FF0771F930C 0xE3E580CA96D08FD3 0xDAED73C40D44E397 0x90A0E96731283123 0x183075440F78DA33 0xE46ACCC1AECD9C6C 0x1CA82D6053C47933 0xC707C633E34377CA 0xF60FC6DB95DE2631 0x0B2342552B1B4912 0xC32F27E766B148FD 0x055FDF9DC44345CF 0xADFD892D38628512 0x5AA6881F0C6E3ADE 0x72FD99BE0899B07C 0x6F31D2773AB970F6 0xC07850CC6EFD7868 0x5EC7E6C020A407CA 0xF048FCEDEA87BE0A time ./sfc64-breach 0x8A9912C022EA7402 0x26971AE36A1CEACA 0x97B4CF575274B9F4 0xC9212C12EEE58E49 0x9B45979745BB2E20 0x857B5EEB83507D6D 0x243E719FF5356874 0xE6EB4E22DDDEDCA6 0xAF0DC4AF0234A763 0x9946B8BD21C71BE9 0x14D42990A607161B 0x66A19FF0771F930C 0xE3E580CA96D08FD3 0xDAED73C40D44E397 0x90A0E96731283123 0x183075440F78DA33 0xE46ACCC1AECD9C6C 0x1CA82D6053C47933 0xC707C633E34377CA 0xF60FC6DB95DE2631 0x0B2342552B1B4912 0xC32F27E766B148FD 0x055FDF9DC44345CF 0xADFD892D38628512 0x5AA6881F0C6E3ADE 0x72FD99BE0899B07C 0x6F31D2773AB970F6 0xC07850CC6EFD7868 0x5EC7E6C020A407CA 0xF048FCEDEA87BE0A attempt 0 Found (a=0x0000000123456785 b=0x0000000000978653 c=0x000000CCAADDEE0F counter=0x0000000000000001 original_counter=1002 step 5121675 real 0m0.083s user 0m0.071s sys 0m0.012s